Some hesitation and repetition; struggles with flow of ideas.
How a student shows this: Stops to search for words, ideas are unclear or disjointed.
Basic vocabulary with limited range; frequent errors.
How a student shows this: Uses simple words repeatedly and makes word choice mistakes.
Frequent errors; uses basic structures only.
How a student shows this: Mostly simple sentences, many grammar errors.
May be difficult to understand; basic pronunciation.
How a student shows this: Mispronounces common words; needs effort to understand.
Speaks with some hesitation but can maintain flow.
How a student shows this: Pauses occasionally; connects ideas but may repeat.
Fairly good range but with some repetition or inaccuracies.
How a student shows this: Uses a mix of common and uncommon words with some mistakes.
Attempts complex structures with mixed success.
How a student shows this: Some complex sentences, noticeable grammar errors.
Generally clear; some mispronunciations.
How a student shows this: Intelligible but not always natural.
Good control but some minor hesitation.
How a student shows this: Can speak continuously but may pause briefly.
Shows flexibility but occasional errors occur.
How a student shows this: Can paraphrase and vary vocabulary with few mistakes.
Mix of simple and complex grammar, generally accurate.
How a student shows this: Uses different sentence types with occasional slips.
Mostly clear and natural.
How a student shows this: Stress and rhythm are mostly appropriate.
Speaks at length with only occasional hesitation; ideas are well connected.
How a student shows this: Rarely pauses; expresses ideas smoothly.
Uses a wide range of vocabulary naturally and effectively.
How a student shows this: Can express meaning clearly and paraphrase well.
Uses complex grammar with few errors.
How a student shows this: Makes occasional minor grammar errors.
Clear pronunciation; occasional lapses don’t affect understanding.
How a student shows this: Easy to understand; some accent but not distracting.
Speaks with complete fluency and coherence; ideas flow naturally and effortlessly.
How a student shows this: No hesitation; connects ideas perfectly and expresses them effortlessly.
Uses idiomatic and colloquial expressions precisely; extensive vocabulary.
How a student shows this: Uses natural idioms and a broad vocabulary flawlessly.
Rare grammatical errors, with a wide and flexible use of complex structures.
How a student shows this: Almost no errors, demonstrates mastery of grammar.
Near-native pronunciation, clear and natural intonation and rhythm.
How a student shows this: Pronunciation indistinguishable from a native speaker.
Fully fluent, effortless and spontaneous; coherent and organized at a native speaker level.
How a student shows this: Speaks perfectly with natural flow and clarity.
Uses vocabulary precisely and naturally in all contexts; idiomatic and colloquial language used expertly.
How a student shows this: Uses vocabulary at a native speaker level with perfect accuracy.
Mastery of complex grammatical structures with no errors.
How a student shows this: Grammar is flawless.
Pronunciation indistinguishable from a native speaker; excellent control of intonation and rhythm.
How a student shows this: Perfect native-like pronunciation and intonation.